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1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii : ウィキペディア英語版 | 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii
The 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii was an astronomical expedition by British scientists to observe the December 8 transit of Venus at three separate observing sites in the Hawaiian Islands.〔Chauvin 2004; Lomb 2011, 132-134.〕 It was one of five 1874 transit expeditions organized by George Biddell Airy, Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory. The purpose of the expedition was to obtain an accurate estimate of the astronomical unit (AU), the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Previous efforts to obtain a precise value of an AU in 1769 had been hampered by the black drop effect. ==Background== George Biddell Airy began preparations for the expedition in 1869, and procured funds in June of that year. Airy spent 1870–71 acquiring the necessary supplies and equipment. He made George Lyon Tupman a member of the team in April 1872. The team was composed of seven men: George Forbes, Henry Glanville Barnacle, John Walter Nichol, Frances E. Ramsden, E. J. W. Noble, George Lyon Tupman, and Richard Johnson.〔Chauvin 2004, 42-49.〕
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